1. Description: A Purple heart within a Gold border, 1 3/8 inches wide, containing
a profile of General George Washington. Above the heart appears a shield of the Washington Coat of Arms (a White shield with
two Red bars and three Red stars in chief) between sprays of Green leaves. The reverse consists of a raised Bronze heart with
the words "FOR MILITARY MERIT" below the coat of arms and leaves.
2. Ribbon: The ribbon is 1 3/8 inches wide and
consists of the following stripes: 1/8 inch White 67101; 1 1/8 inches Purple 67115; and 1/8 inch White 67101.
3. Criteria: a. The Purple Heart is awarded in
the name of the President of the United States to any member of an Armed Force who, while serving with the U.S. Armed Services
after 5 April 1917, has been wounded or killed, or who has died or may hereafter die after being wounded;
(1) In any action
against an enemy of the United States;
(2) In any action
with an opposing armed force of a foreign country in which the Armed Forces of the United States are or have been engaged;
(3) While serving
with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the United States is not
a belligerent party;
(4) As a result of
an act of any such enemy of opposing armed forces;
(5) As the result
of an act of any hostile foreign force;
(6) After 28 March
1973, as a result of an international terrorist attack against the United States or a foreign nation friendly to the United
States, recognized as such an attack by the Secretary of the department concerned, or jointly by the Secretaries of the departments
concerned if persons from more than one department are wounded in the attack; or,
(7) After 28 March
1973, as a result of military operations, while serving outside the territory of the United States as part of a peacekeeping
force.
(8) After 7 December
1941, by weapon fire while directly engaged in armed conflict, regardless of the fire causing the wound.
(9) While held as
a prisoner of war or while being taken captive.
b. A wound for which the award is made must
have required treatment by a medical officer.
4. Components:
a. Decoration (regular size): MIL-D-3943/24;
NSN for set 8455-00-269-5757; individual medal 8455-00-246-3833.
b. Decoration (miniature size): MIL-D-3943//24.
c. Ribbon: MIL-R-11589/126. NSN 8455-00-9948.
d. Lapel Button (metal replica of ribbon bar):
MIL-L-11484/18. NSN 8455-00-253-0818.
5. Background: a. The original Purple Heart, designated
as the Badge of Military Merit, was established by General George Washington by order from his headquarters at Newburgh, New
York, August 7, 1782. The writings of General Washington quoted in part:
"The General ever desirous to cherish a virtuous ambition in his soldiers, as well as
to foster and encourage every species of Military Merit, directs that whenever any singularly meritorious action is performed,
the author of it shall be permitted to wear on his facings over the left breast, the figure of a heart in purple cloth or
silk, edged with narrow lace or binding. Not only instances of unusual gallantry, but also of extraordinary fidelity and essential
service in any way shall meet with a due reward".
b. So far as the known surviving records show,
this honor badge was granted to only three men, all of them noncommissioned officers: Sergeant Daniel Bissell of the 2d Connecticut
Regiment of the Continental Line; Sergeant William Brown of the 5th Connecticut Regiment of the Continental Line,
and Sergeant Elijah Churchill of the 2d Continental Dragoons, which was also a Connecticut Regiment. The original Purple Heart
depicted on the first page is a copy of the badge awarded to Sergeant Elijah Churchill and is now owned by the New Windsor
Cantonment, National Temple Hill Association, PO Box 525, Vails Gate, NY 12584. The only other known original badge is the
badge awarded to Sergeant William Brown and is in the possession of The Society of the Cincinnati, New Hampshire Branch but
differs in design by not having any lettering embroidered on the heart and the leaves are at the top only with a larger spray
of leaves at the base.
c. Subsequent to the Revolution, the Order
of the Purple Heart had fallen into disuse and no further awards were made. By Order of the President of the United States,
the Purple Heart was revived on the 200th Anniversary of George Washington's birth, out of respect to his memory
and military achievements, by War Department General Orders No. 3, dated 22 February 1932. The criteria was announced in War
Department Circular dated 22 February 1932 and authorized award to soldiers, upon their request, who had been awarded the
Meritorious Service Citation Certificate or were authorized to wear wound chevrons subsequent to 5 April 1917.
d. During the early period of World War II
(7 Dec 41 to 22 Sep 43), the Purple Heart was awarded both for wounds received in action against the enemy and for meritorious
performance of duty. With the establishment of the Legion of Merit, by an Act of Congress, the practice of awarding the Purple
Heart for meritorious service was discontinued. By Executive Order 9277, dated 3 December 1942, the decoration was extended
to be applicable to all services and the order required that regulations of the Services be uniform in application as far
as practicable. This executive order also authorized award only for wounds received.
e. Executive Order 10409, dated 12 February
1952, revised authorizations to include the Service Secretaries subject to approval of the Secretary of Defense. Executive
Order 11016, dated 25 April 1962, included provisions for posthumous award of the Purple Heart. Executive Order 12464, dated
23 February 1984, authorized award of the Purple Heart as a result of terrorist attacks or while serving as part of a peacekeeping
force subsequent to 28 March 1973.
f. The Senate approved an amendment to the
1985 Defense Authorization Bill on 13 June 1985, which changed the precedent from immediately above the Good Conduct Medal
to immediately above the Meritorious Service Medals. Public Law 99-145 authorized the award for wounds received as a result
of "friendly fire". Public Law 104-106 expanded the eligibility date, authorizing award of the Purple Heart to a former prisoner
of war who was wounded before 25 April 1962.
g. The National Defense Authorization Act
for Fiscal Year1998 (Public Law 105-85) changed the criteria to delete authorization for award of the Purple Heart Medal to
any civilian national of the United States while serving under competent authority in any capacity with the Armed Forces.
This change was effective 18 May 1998.
h. Order of precedence and wear of decorations
is contained in Army Regulation 670-1. Policy for awards, approving authority, supply, and issue of decorations is contained
in AR 600-8-22.